Across China: Yunnan truffle becomes globally-prized "Chinese specialty"

A resident digs Yunnan truffles in Yongren County, southwest China's Yunnan Province, Dec. 9, 2025.(Xinhua/Xiong Xuanang)

KUNMING, Dec. 19 (Xinhua) -- Ms. Sun, who runs a Western restaurant in Shanghai, recently placed an order for a batch of fresh Yunnan truffles, planning to launch seasonal limited dishes. In Guangzhou, Mr. Chen repurchased five cans of truffle sauce during the e-commerce promotion and left a comment: "Absolutely delicious!"

These orders, traveling thousands of miles, are all from Yongren County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China's Yunnan Province.

Truffles were once synonymous with "imported European luxury," an extravagant treat enjoyed only by a few. Today, the story has changed. Truffles cultivated in Yunnan now supply the mainstream Chinese market and are shipped overseas by air, completing their journey from exotic imports to homegrown Chinese treasures.

As truffles grow in popularity among Chinese consumers and spawn a range of derivative products, Yunnan is actively building an integrated industrial chain spanning picking, processing, sales, and product innovation.

At 7 a.m., villager Li Yongxiu has already started her work with a bamboo basket and a small rake to harvest black truffles deep in the forest. "We didn't realize the value of truffles until recently," Li said, noting that mature truffles emit a special scent that often lures animals to dig them out.

With over 2,800 hours of annual sunshine and nearly 75 percent forest coverage, Yongren County provides ideal growing conditions for truffles. The county produces about 50 tonnes of truffles annually, accounting for a significant share of China's total output.

Premium truffles from Yongren now fetch up to 850 yuan (about 120 U.S. dollars) per kilogram, and picking truffles has become a key source of additional income for local farmers. Li can earn more than 4,000 yuan during each harvesting season, while skilled pickers can make an extra 10,000 yuan or more.

To protect this unique resource, Yongren County has designated over 50,000 mu (about 3,333 hectares) of wild mushroom conservation and propagation bases, and bans truffle picking from March 1 to Oct. 31 every year to ensure better protection and good quality, said Wang Jianbiao, deputy chief of the county's forestry and grassland administration.

In major producing areas, more than two training sessions are held annually to teach farmers how to identify mature truffles and adopt proper picking methods.

To extend the industrial chain and increase added value, local businesses have developed innovative products such as canned truffles, truffle mooncakes and truffle chocolate.

"Processing turns truffles into affordable delicacies for ordinary families," said Lei Jinyu, manager of the technique center of Yongren Yesenda Mushroom Co., Ltd.

Established in 2014, the company has developed a series of truffle products, boosting its output value to over 40 million yuan in 2024, doubling the figure from the days when it sold only raw materials.

A breakthrough in preservation technology has extended the shelf life of fresh truffles from 20 to 45 days, enabling overseas sales. Lei added that the company's products have been exported to France, Germany, the United Arab Emirates, and other countries.

Statistics show that China's truffle exports registered a marked growth to approximately 45.4 tonnes in 2024. And in 2023, China's export volume had already accounted for nearly one-third of global trade.

With improved ecological conditions, truffle-producing areas in China are expanding. Zhao Yongchang, a researcher at the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, noted that, in addition to traditional production areas like Yunnan and Sichuan, truffle is now also produced in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Inner Mongolia, and northeast China, further boosting the country's truffle output.

Zhao acknowledged that due to species differences and insufficient brand accumulation, domestic truffles still have a price gap compared with European truffles. However, with technological progress and brand building, Chinese truffles are expected to shine brighter in the global market. ■

Truffle products developed by Yongren Yesenda Mushroom Co., Ltd. are pictured in Yongren County, southwest China's Yunnan Province, Dec. 9, 2025.(Xinhua/Xiong Xuanang)

This photo taken on Dec. 9, 2025 shows a view of a wild mushroom conservation and propagation base in Yongren County, southwest China's Yunnan Province.(Xinhua/Xiong Xuanang)

Fresh Yunnan truffles are pictured in Yongren County, southwest China's Yunnan Province, Dec. 9, 2025.(Xinhua/Xiong Xuanang)